brown university enrollment 2020

Download educational materials, view videos, register for live interactive informational sessions, attend Open . With 15% of its student body being international students Brown is an extremely desirable university for both US and non-US students. Found inside – Page 306... schools bring low-performing ninth-graders to timely graduation and college enrollment. Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University (NJ1). Located at 182 Hope St, the Brown Design Workshop (BDW) is a student-run makerspace that aims to make the practices of design and creation more collaborative, open, flexible, and accessible. In recognition of the gift the school's name was changed to the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. In recognition of the gift the school's name was changed to the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Total Enrollment: 45,869 . And then there are facts that will affect your future. Found inside – Page 163... РА UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PA VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY R 1 BROWN UNIVERSITY ... 4 5 54 2 5 47 7 SOCIOLOGY 3924 2060 1864 2020 957 1063 1715 1014 701 189 89 ... Found inside – Page 7However, the founding of the University of Phoenix as a for- profit university in 1976, and its eventual success, led to an enrollment explosion. The University's record-breaking enrollment is bolstered by more than 8,100 new students representing the Class of 2024. This is the fourth consecutive year that the number of ED applications has increased. Join our mailing list for updates and to learn more about Brown's professional programs. 6:1 Student-to-Faculty Ratio. 2021-22 Non-Custodial Parent Waiver. A report from the Costs of War project at Brown University revealed that 20 years of post-9/11 wars have cost the U.S. an estimated $8 trillion and have killed more than 900,000 people. Found inside – Page 183The Rise of AVID as America's Largest College Readiness Program Jay Mathews ... By 2020, the government wanted 20 percent of the students enrolled at ... Students that get into Brown have an average SAT score between 1440-1570 or an average ACT score of 33-35. Your fellow students will challenge you, support you, expand your worldview and become your friends for life. Brown University typically prefers applicants to be in the top 3 percent of SAT test takers. Found inside – Page 7Dr. Robert L. Hurst 15 Dean of the Faculty ...... Dr. Ashriel I. Mose 06 Director Admissions - Registrar ... .. Miss Dorothy L. Brown 08 Librarian . Found insideThe Effects of School Vouchers on College Enrollment. Cambridge, MA: Brown Center on Education Policy at Brookings and Harvard Kennedy School. This year 5,540 ED applications this year—depicting an increase of 22% since the 2019-2020 cycle. WEBSITE. At Brown you’ll have the freedom to study what you choose and the flexibility to discover what you love. Brown has developed and implemented public health plans based on the guidance of medical and public health experts for managing infectious diseases in a pandemic, including the Centers for Disease Control . For the ninth time out of the past 10 years - and this fall by a small margin - Western Carolina University has experienced an increase in total enrollment, with a new record of 12,243 students enrolled for the 2020 fall semester and an all-time high retention rate. We know this period has been one of great disruption and difficulty for communities around the world. (Sept. 8, 2020) - As universities across the country face enrollment declines because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Grand Canyon University will begin the 2020-21 school year with another increase in the number of traditional students connected to its Phoenix campus.. Brown admissions is extremely selective with an acceptance rate of 7%. summary of university enrollment, key data on our students and a decade's worth of historical . James has 6 jobs listed on their profile. 31-35. The private Christian university expects its largest incoming class ever — more than 8,200 new students — when the fall . Among them, 821 male and 841 female students have enrolled into Brown and its yield, also known as enrollment rate is 60.81%. Found inside – Page 352“Student Enrollment Reports,” Enrollment Services—Analysis and Reporting, The Ohio State University, accessed February 27, 2020, ... John Brown University is a leading private Christian university, training students to honor God and serve others since 1919. The American Civil Liberties Union of Rhode Island and Public Justice, a legal advocacy organization, jointly filed a motion in Rhode Island district court arguing that Brown University's recent decision to eliminate five women's varsity sports is in violation of a 1992 settlement agreement. The modest increase comes despite earlier concerns that . Brown University is a private Ivy League university based in Providence, Rhode Island. The overall acceptance rate for Brown University was reported as 7.1% in Fall 2020 with over 38,700 college applications submitted to this school. The health and safety of all members of the Brown community remains the University's top priority, and Brown's Core Crisis Team will maintain focus on that priority as it considers the impact of COVID-19 on the . View James Brown's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Explore campus to determine whether Brown is the right fit for you. Brown University leads off our Class of 2021 Ivy League admissions statistics. The estimated average SAT composite for admitted . 46%. The patterns are alarming. Brown University undergraduate Nishanth Kumar, a computer engineering concentrator and computer science researcher, has recently received the Barry Goldwater Scholarship for his research into Learning from Demonstration (LfD). The total IPEDS enrollment of Brown University degree candidates for Fall 2020 (October 15, 2020) was 9,667 FTE. Brown's admissions process is need-blind, and the school promises to meet 100 percent of students' demonstrated financial need without student loans. Enrollment (Fall 2020) - 212. It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 1,627 (fall 2020), its setting is city, and the campus size is 200 acres. Found inside – Page 47... 480 409 111 633 0 2,020 282,468 19,645 19,290 19,024 19,471 13,460 17,938 ... 17 NC STATE UNIV AL RALEIGH 78 BROWN UNIVERSITY 79 UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY ... John Brown University is a private institution that was founded in 1919. Brown University's Department of Theatre Arts and Performance Studies is internationally recognized for the quality of its faculty and instruction. costs. 2021-22 Bulletin. Found insideUniversity of Chicago Press. ... Enrollment of students with disabilities in charter schools and traditional ... Annenberg Institute at Brown University. Below 29. Found inside – Page 62PESIDENT L UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE 200 TOT AL DEGREECREDIT STUDENTS MEN WOMEN ... 7 202 85 10 2,921 1,442 542 17 2,020 745 2 2 3,913 470 10 323 096 A20 in 3 ... 87. Brown University offers admission to students from over 50 countries every year. Nishanth Kumar named 2020 Barry M. Goldwater Scholar. Found insideBefore Brown, Historically Bla Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) served as the ... as they were especially in the Confederate states (NMAAHC, 2020). Other (describe): Brown's typical "semester" academic year calendar differed due to COVID-19. © 2021 Brown University Athletics 235 Hope St. Given the worldwide impact of novel coronavirus, we want to address some questions prospective Brown students and their families may have as they begin thinking about applying to college. Applications. Graduates (2019-2020 Academic Year) - 58. Fall 2020 Admissions Scholarships. By our arithmetic and long division, this accounts for an overall admit rate of 9%. The middle 50 percent of admitted students scored between 33 and 35 on the ACT. Our 92 percent admission rate to medical school and 83 percent admission rate to law school are both far above the national average. We suggest you read until the end - you can also use the below calculator to estimate your likelihood of being able to transfer to Brown. Found inside – Page 69Little, Brown, & Co. ... Diamandis, P. H., & Kotler, S. (2020). ... Fall 2020 college enrollment declines 2.5%: Nearly twice the rate of decline of fall ... Incoming fall 2020 first-year undergraduate students who wish to be considered for admissions scholarships should complete their admissions application file by the Early Action deadline of November 15 extended deadline of December 1 (unless otherwise indicated). The program prepares students for careers spanning public service, all levels of government, NGOs, foundations, and the college transcripts. Undergraduate Admission. The Graduate School. Out of a total of 32,390 applications, the largest applicant pool in the long and storied history of Brown University, the school with the famously open curriculum accepted 2,919 applicants for the Class of 2020. All these combine to tell you what you scores are required to get into Brown University. March 10, 2020 Provost Richard M. Locke and VP for Campus Life Eric Estes Tags . 1121 West Main Street, Suite 1200 Bevan (Coca-Cola) Building Durham, NC 27701 919-684-2813 (phone) 919-684-4500 (fax) registrar@duke.edu. You'll also be interested to know that 70 percent of our undergraduate classes have fewer than 20 students. Trinity Rep, rooted in its deep tradition of . Other facts will impact the quality of your education—such as our student-to-faculty ratio of just 6:1 and the fact that 100 percent of our faculty teach undergraduates. Found inside – Page 66American Journal of Distance Education, 28(1), 27–38. doi:10.1080/08923647.2014.867697 Juszkiewicz, J. (2020). Trends in community college enrollment and ... Est. KENNESAW, Ga. (Sep 1, 2020) — In what is the largest enrollment figure in school history, Kennesaw State University has welcomed more than 40,900 students this fall, marking an 8 percent increase over 2019. Please note that Brown University students do not declare concentrations (majors) until the end of their sophomore year so data for freshman and sophomore enrollments is not compiled. The University will suspend its Alumni Interview Program for the 2020-21 admission cycle, Dean of Admission Logan Powell announced in a Sept. 10 email to past alumni interviewers. Brown University Transfers: 2020 Requirements, Dates, GPAs & More This is the complete guide for transferring to Brown. As of May 2021, there were enrolled the names of 145,424 graduates. Interview Feedback: Brown University . Consider that within 10 years of graduation, 80 percent of Brown students have furthered their education through graduate school or professional study. All these combine to tell you what you scores are required to get into Brown University. 132. 6%. Found inside – Page 84Public university education is fully funded by the state or federal governments. ... by 2020, enrollment in postsecondary programs will reach nine million. Login. The 2020 Virtual Benefits Fair is a week-long event that gives you the ability to gather information and resources from Brown University benefit partners to help you understand the options available to you for the 2021 calendar year. 155 0 obj <> endobj And we do this with no loans — only scholarship grants that do not have to be repaid — included in University financial aid packages. Admissions Decisions. Undergraduate Admissions Brown University, Resumed Undergraduate Education Applicants. This deadline has been extended due to COVID-19. Box 1876 Providence, RI 02912 USA (401) 863-9300 admission@brown.edu www.commonapp.org A. Found insideB. 1927), and Professor Ernest Brown —hired a statistician to develop an index that merged MacLachlan's indices of undergraduate grades with LSAT scores in ... General Information Found inside – Page iAcknowledging the changing realities and increasing demands placed on contemporary postsecondary education, this book meets educators where they are and offers an effective design framework for what it means to move beyond equity being a ... Medical Degree. Healthy and Safe 2020-21 Brown's "Plan for a Healthy and Safe 2020-21" provides the roadmap for the steps Brown is taking to mitigate the impact of the global pandemic during the phased resumption of on-campus instruction and operations. Summary of Degrees. Students enrolled during 2 of 3 semesters (fall 2020, spring 2021, and summer 2021) in order to dedensify campus. In 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked Brown's medical school the 9th most selective in the country, with an acceptance rate of 2.8%. They possess an intense curiosity and aspire to make an impact. Both in state and out of state applicants are included in these figures. 3) Advice for how to get your application to Brown . If you have significant health or safety concerns related to starting in January, please contact Student Support Services at 401-863-3145 or [email protected] to be connected with a dean who can work with you to formulate a plan. Check out the below table for a deeper look into how students performed - it's also very interesting to look at the average test score over time. three letters of recommendation. 1,005 talking about this. Found insideEvery student who's about to embark on the college search will find something valuable to think about here, as well as high-impact advice about what to do." —Jeffrey Brenzel, former dean of undergraduate admissions, Yale University "This ... Found inside – Page 289The Financial Crisis and College Enrollment: How Have Students and Their Family Responded? In: J. Brown and C. Hoxby (eds.), How The Financial Crisis and ... Found inside – Page 254Brown , J. ( 2021 , January 12 ) . ... mother - and - father.html Bunch , K. J. ( 2020 ) . ... Plunge in state college enrollment threatens campuses . Average price for low-income students. Your Declared Concentration (s) You'll now see the following icons as you browse the Bulletin. Found inside – Page 2127Name, address Jacksonville State Univ., Jacksonville, AL 36265-1602 Name, ... James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, VA 22807 Name, address John Brown Univ., ... % of students who get any grants. price for students who receive aid. Found inside – Page 278Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.brown.edu/about/administration/ ... “University Enrollment Statistics, Office of the Registrar.” Princeton University. Found inside – Page 1639UNDERGRADUATE ENROLLMENT Typal Mon Women Total 1971-1972 FIXED COSTS ... 995 Puc Puc Puc PuC Puc 5710 12,660 22,550 2000 700 2020 544 650 600 600 600 1645 ... Found inside – Page 165At Rutgers University, by 1948 veterans comprised nine thousand of the school's sixteen thousand students. At the same time, Stanford's enrollment reached ... MD / Master in Public Health. This score makes Brown University Strongly Competitive for SAT test scores. Brown University's 2021-2022 cost of attendance (i.e., tuition, room, board, and fees) is $82,670. We are pleased to present Ohio State's 2020 Enrollment Report. www.brown.edu. July 1, 2020. Tips for Answering Brown University Supplemental Essay Prompts [2020 - 2021] Along with the basic Common Application essay , the Ivy League schools require supplemental essay responses. Even more striking are . Found inside – Page 258Institution Type and control1 Enrollment, 1997 Total Black Degrees ... Morehouse College, GA Morehouse School of Medicine, GA Morris Brown College, ... Stanford declined to release early decision data for the Class of 2021. Does this sound like you? statistics on a variety of meaningful measures. Found insideIn Beyond Snowden, Timothy Edgar—whose career in government coincided with Snowden’s tenure—grapples with many of the issues that consumed the former NSA contractor now in exile in Moscow. Brown University tuition and scholarships. The middle 50 percent of admitted students scored between 33 and 35 on the ACT. Brown University (BU) SAT Requirements. That's because no single experience defines a Brown education. The AIP offers applicants to the University the opportunity to meet with an alum to gain a new perspective about Brown, have their questions answered and share . Login with your Brown ID to personalize the information in the Bulletin. Student Enrollment, Fall 2020 Purdue's West Lafayette, Indiana, campus offers a diverse student population from all 50 states and nearly 130 countries. Ask students here what sets Brown apart, and you're bound to get 7,043 different answers. Admissions Statistics (2018-19) Number of Applicants. %%EOF 2021-22 Appeal Form. 80. Out of the 46,568 students who applied—the largest pool in University history —2,537 students were admitted. Personalize The Brown Bulletin. 2021-22 International Non-Tax Filer's Statement - Parent. Found inside – Page 779... 271 185 BARRINGTON COLLEGE BROWN UNIVERSITY BRYANT COLLEGE OF BUS ADM JOHNSONE WALES COLLEGE MOUNT SNT JOSEPH COLLEGE 2 1. 304 2,020 1.304 1.606 324 179 ... A Brown education will prepare you to flourish as an independent thinker, an innovative collaborator and an active global citizen. In the Early Decision round, 695 students were offered admission to the university. Our goal is to support prospective Brown students and their families as they begin the application process while simultaneously navigating the challenges of a global health crisis. For the Class of 2023, 38,674 students applied to Brown University of which 2,551 students were accepted, yielding an overall acceptance rate of 6.6%. The gap between those recommended for medications for opioid use disorder — with methadone, buprenorphine or other medications prescribed — and those who ultimately receive it is wide and persisting. Full Price 2020-2021. The Class of 2023 was the single most challenging year to be admitted to Brown University ever. By Bill Studenc. The Requirements: 3 essays of 250 words; 1 essay of 150 words Supplemental Essay Type(s): Why, Community, Activity Brown's Open Curriculum allows students to explore broadly while also diving deeply into their academic pursuits. In the coming months, we are excited to catch up with alumni, students, faculty, staff, and friends to share and reflect through a Nelson@5 video series commemorating highlights and milestones. Acceptance Rate. U.S. News ranks the school 38th for research and 35th for primary care. And by taking small classes with world-class professors in top ranked programs, you'll find building relationships, finding internships, and receiving mentorship at the forefront of your learning experience. Average SAT: 1485. Brown University. Our 92 percent admission rate to medical . Undergraduate enrollment in for-profits is up 3% over last year, in stark contrast to a 9% decline in public community college enrollment. Program . Found inside – Page 172In 1990, he obtained a BA degree in economics and political philosophy with honors from Brown University in the US. o o ~ PROUD to be - -- - -. INTERV IEW ... " Brown University does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, status as a veteran, national or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression. Brown University offered admission to 5.45 percent of its applicants to the Class of 2025, down from last year's acceptance rate of 6.88 percent for the Class of 2024. In 2000, the admit rate was 16.2%; for the Class of 2025, it was just 5.4%. - This course, or an equivalent, has been taken. These additional essays help these elite schools gain a deeper understanding of you as an applicant. Average SAT: 1485. 7.1%. $75,500. *. This is The Brown Promise, the latest in a long . Once again, the numbers tell a great university success story, and even with the challenges Founded in 1764, Brown is a leading Ivy League research university where students and faculty collaborate to address the defining challenges of a complex and changing world. "Healthy Brown" is a goal and a core value guiding efforts to ensure the health, safety and well-being of the Brown University community. Interested students can apply for early decision, and the Brown early decision deadline is November 1. Economics is the study of how individuals, businesses and governments choose to allocate resources to best satisfy their objectives. In this report, you will find a . Brown admitted 885 early decision applicants. The matriculation date for incoming First-Year students will be Wednesday, January 20, 2021. Found inside – Page 240Elissa Nadworny, “'Losing a Generation': Fall College Enrollment Plummets for ... 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/ brown-center-chalkboard/2020/05/27/ ... Brown University Admissions Statistics. Brown meets 100% of each student's demonstrated financial need. 6,632 FTE. This week on #TourStopTuesday we are featuring the Brown Design Workshop! Brown/ Trinity Rep. Our programs combine in-depth classroom and production work with an ongoing relationship to a working professional theatre. Post-interview decisions are transmitted through Alpert Medical School's secure online application system and via email. Found inside – Page 382Enrollment Table 219. Fall enrollment , degrees conferred , and expenditures in degree - granting ... Morris Brown College , GA4 Paine College , GA . Found inside – Page 116ONE PROSPECTSTREET, PRowdence, RIO2912 - ADMISSIONS: 401-863-1000 • FAx: ... Academics Interdisciplinary-focused Brown University in Providence, ... We base decisions on guidance from the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other public health experts, as well as Brown University health and safety protocols. Box 1932 Providence, RI 02912 Sometimes, there's no path at all. - This class has been registered for. 176 0 obj <>stream There are three critical numbers when considering your admissions chances: SAT scores, GPA, and acceptance rate. MD / PhD. Below, we've included some important college admissions statistics, facts, and figures that will help you understand the trends in admission over the past decade. Found insideBryan Reece. & educationdata.org. (2020b, September 14). College enrollment student demographic statistics. Educationdata.org. Found inside – Page 325During the same period, Brown's undergraduate enrollment comprised 5,722 students, of which 48.86% (2,796) were men and 51.14% (2,926) were women. 2) Additional data on which to accurately assess your chances of admission. The regular admissions application deadline for Brown is January 5. PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — For people living with opioid use disorder, the path to treatment is not always clear-cut. The mission of the Office of Institutional Research is to support the evaluation and planning efforts of the University's senior administration by initiating and conducting studies on the University's policies, academic programs, and environment. We plan to offer the full suite of Pre-College programs in-person and online for summer 2022. It marked the most applicants admitted in the school's history in the Early Decision round and these admitted students were drawn from the largest Early Decision pool in the school . 118. The scholarship was established by Congress in 1986 to identify . It utilizes . The intent of this article is to give those considering applying to Brown University: 1) A more accurate understanding of the odds you face. ACT COMPOSITE RANGE*. 169 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5B9C6E8015EB6444B159148C255FD66A>]/Index[155 22]/Info 154 0 R/Length 76/Prev 246769/Root 156 0 R/Size 177/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 0 The Brown University Master of Public Affairs (MPA) at the Watson Institute is a one-year (summer - fall - spring) full-time program that provides students with the analytical foundation and management tools they need to tackle the policy problems of today. Brown University (BU)'s average SAT score is 1470 - this is the sum of the math and reading portions of the SAT (the 1600 scale). That means you'll have a lot of face-to-face time with some of the best researchers and teachers in academia. CS1951R at Brown University for Fall 2020 on Piazza, an intuitive Q&A platform for students and instructors. 2,501 FTE. Warren Alpert Medical School. Found inside – Page 363... 246-1200 Coed Enrollment- 667 Undergraduate Tuition and Fees - 2,020 Control ... of Students Barbara J. Weiton Brown University Providence 02912 Congr . endstream endobj startxref Brown University is a private institution that was founded in 1764. Arkansas' top-ranked regional university (U.S. News Best Colleges 2019), JBU enrolls more than 2,100 students from 38 states and 53 countries in its traditional undergraduate, graduate, online and concurrent education . The annual financial report offers an overview of the University's financial statements, success in fundraising and investment performance. Enrollment (Fall 2020) - 225. They accepted 9.52 percent of its SCEA pool by admitting 745 out of a record 7,822 applications to the Class of 2020. Covering Fiscal Year 2020, this year's report highlights the ways in which the financial markets and growth of the economy created opportunities for excellent financial results for Brown, even in the midst of an unprecedented global health crisis. 2020-2021 Brown (Alpert) . As of September 2020, 26% of the M.D. 2021-22 Consortium Agreement. Est. 2021 college admission rates dropped as low as 3.4%, making it another competitive year for students applying to the most selective colleges and universities in the US. Found inside – Page 120Decline in Spring College Enrollment Slowed Prior to COVID-19, Says Report. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. Fry, R. (2020). one-page written personal statement. %PDF-1.6 %���� Brown students want to create and navigate their own intellectual journeys. $28,400. The study of economics serves a number of purposes: it helps students understand the functioning of markets, of firms and of financial organizations; it helps students understand public debate about economic policy, including taxation and government expenditure . . Brown University SAT Score Analysis (New 1600 SAT) The 25th percentile New SAT score is 1420, and the 75th percentile New SAT score is 1550. It was ranked 49th in the world in the QS World University Rankings® 2016-2017 and 25th in the Graduate Employability Rankings 2017. A Brown education will prepare you to flourish as an independent thinker, innovative collaborator and an active global citizen. Read Article Open details for Costs of the 20-year war on terror: $8 trillion and 900,000 deaths h�b```f``�``a``�� Ȁ �@ ��� �fd`�*��߰����[�O�i2�1�2��%�8�C�u&PY���B�[�3y�,9�Yw��U�o��de�g(��t�۹�no������j��ꋯ�Jm\-��qWyp�C��V�W{�b , L �DcG�G,0�X���A�bT�$30s^�����c�ɨ�����p��(�.F���V��� Undergraduate Admissions Brown University, Resumed Undergraduate Education Applicants. Brown University 2020-21 Application Essay Question Explanations. We estimate some students could be accepted with SAT's as low as 1370. The average SAT score composite at Brown University is a 1485. $75 non-refundable application fee. You'll want to know, for instance, that our mascot is a bear named Bruno and that our colors are brown, red and white. The breakdown by school was as follows: The College. Nearly five years have passed since our 2016 launch following a generous founding gift from Jonathan M. Nelson '77 P'07 P'09. Per the 2017-2018 final release data in IPEDS. Brown University. c|V����y$pz�8����{�� � D�|� Acceptance decisions are provisional, pending the AAMC-recommended Criminal Background Check. Program Enrollment and Degree Data Computer Science (BS)** Graduates (2019-2020 Academic Year) - 187. Found inside – Page 18Table 1 FIRE and academia “Arizona State University: Racial Restrictions on Class Enrollment (2002) Category: Cases, Due Process Schools: Arizona State ... Brown University Admissions Statistics. All Admissions Committee decisions are final and . Forms for the 2021-22 Academic Year. 130. 3%. For the academic year 2019-2020, the acceptance rate is 7.07% where a total of 38,674 students (15,792 men and 22,882 women) have applied to Brown and 2,733 (1,375 men and 1,358 women) students have been admitted to the school. Welcome Name! Cornell University is a private research university that provides an exceptional education for undergraduates and graduate and professional students. The school has also set a record for the highest number of ED applications in the history of Brown. 595 FTE. Consider that within 10 years of graduation, 80 percent of Brown students have furthered their education through graduate school or professional study. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover James' connections and jobs at similar companies. U.S. News ranks the school 38th for research and 35th for primary care. The Warren Alpert Medical School offers degree programs in which you can earn a Master of Science, Master of Public Health, or doctoral degree in addition to an MD.